The demand of transfection reagents and equipment will be increase in the future, because of the development of large scale transfections, rising demand of protein therapeutics, and emerging markets across India and China.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Transfection Reagents and Equipment, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Transfection Reagents and Equipment. This report contains market size and forecasts of Transfection Reagents and Equipment in global, including the following market information:
Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Transfection Reagents and Equipment market was valued at US$ 744.3 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 980.7 million by 2029, at a CAGR of 4.0% during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Biochemical Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Transfection Reagents and Equipment include Thermo Fisher, Promega, Hoffmann-La Roche, QIAGEN, Polyplus-transfection, Bio-Rad, Lonza, Sigma-Aldrich and MirusBio, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Transfection Reagents and Equipment companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Biochemical
Physical
Viral
Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Biomedical
Protein Production
Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Transfection Reagents and Equipment revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Transfection Reagents and Equipment revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Thermo Fisher
Promega
Hoffmann-La Roche
QIAGEN
Polyplus-transfection
Bio-Rad
Lonza
Sigma-Aldrich
MirusBio
MaxCyte
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Transfection Reagents and Equipment, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Transfection Reagents and Equipment company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Transfection Reagents and Equipment in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Transfection Reagents and Equipment Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Biochemical
4.1.3 Physical
4.1.4 Viral
4.2 By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Biomedical
5.1.3 Protein Production
5.2 By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.3.2 US Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.3 Canada Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.4 Mexico Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 Germany Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.3 France Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 U.K. Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Italy Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.6 Russia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.8 Benelux Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 China Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Japan Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 South Korea Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 India Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 Brazil Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.3 Argentina Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 Turkey Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Israel Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.5 UAE Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Companies Profiles
7.1 Thermo Fisher
7.1.1 Thermo Fisher Company Summary
7.1.2 Thermo Fisher Business Overview
7.1.3 Thermo Fisher Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Thermo Fisher Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Thermo Fisher Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Promega
7.2.1 Promega Company Summary
7.2.2 Promega Business Overview
7.2.3 Promega Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Promega Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Promega Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Hoffmann-La Roche
7.3.1 Hoffmann-La Roche Company Summary
7.3.2 Hoffmann-La Roche Business Overview
7.3.3 Hoffmann-La Roche Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Hoffmann-La Roche Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Hoffmann-La Roche Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 QIAGEN
7.4.1 QIAGEN Company Summary
7.4.2 QIAGEN Business Overview
7.4.3 QIAGEN Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 QIAGEN Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 QIAGEN Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Polyplus-transfection
7.5.1 Polyplus-transfection Company Summary
7.5.2 Polyplus-transfection Business Overview
7.5.3 Polyplus-transfection Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Polyplus-transfection Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Polyplus-transfection Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Bio-Rad
7.6.1 Bio-Rad Company Summary
7.6.2 Bio-Rad Business Overview
7.6.3 Bio-Rad Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Bio-Rad Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Bio-Rad Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Lonza
7.7.1 Lonza Company Summary
7.7.2 Lonza Business Overview
7.7.3 Lonza Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Lonza Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Lonza Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Sigma-Aldrich
7.8.1 Sigma-Aldrich Company Summary
7.8.2 Sigma-Aldrich Business Overview
7.8.3 Sigma-Aldrich Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Sigma-Aldrich Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Sigma-Aldrich Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 MirusBio
7.9.1 MirusBio Company Summary
7.9.2 MirusBio Business Overview
7.9.3 MirusBio Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 MirusBio Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 MirusBio Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 MaxCyte
7.10.1 MaxCyte Company Summary
7.10.2 MaxCyte Business Overview
7.10.3 MaxCyte Transfection Reagents and Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 MaxCyte Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 MaxCyte Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Transfection Reagents and Equipment in Global Market
Table 5. Top Transfection Reagents and Equipment Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Transfection Reagents and Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Application ? Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 15. By Application - Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 17. By Region ? Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 18. By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 20. By Country - North America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 22. By Country - Europe Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Asia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - South America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 30. Thermo Fisher Company Summary
Table 31. Thermo Fisher Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 32. Thermo Fisher Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Thermo Fisher Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Promega Company Summary
Table 35. Promega Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 36. Promega Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Promega Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Hoffmann-La Roche Company Summary
Table 39. Hoffmann-La Roche Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 40. Hoffmann-La Roche Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Hoffmann-La Roche Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. QIAGEN Company Summary
Table 43. QIAGEN Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 44. QIAGEN Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. QIAGEN Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Polyplus-transfection Company Summary
Table 47. Polyplus-transfection Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 48. Polyplus-transfection Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Polyplus-transfection Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Bio-Rad Company Summary
Table 51. Bio-Rad Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 52. Bio-Rad Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Bio-Rad Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Lonza Company Summary
Table 55. Lonza Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 56. Lonza Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Lonza Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Sigma-Aldrich Company Summary
Table 59. Sigma-Aldrich Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 60. Sigma-Aldrich Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Sigma-Aldrich Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. MirusBio Company Summary
Table 63. MirusBio Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 64. MirusBio Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. MirusBio Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. MaxCyte Company Summary
Table 67. MaxCyte Transfection Reagents and Equipment Product Offerings
Table 68. MaxCyte Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. MaxCyte Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Transfection Reagents and Equipment Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Transfection Reagents and Equipment Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 9. By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 14. By Region - Global Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Country - North America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. US Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 17. Canada Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 18. Mexico Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. Germany Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 21. France Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 22. U.K. Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 23. Italy Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Russia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. Benelux Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. China Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. Japan Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. South Korea Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. India Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. By Country - South America Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 34. Brazil Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. Argentina Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. Turkey Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Israel Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. UAE Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. Thermo Fisher Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Promega Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Hoffmann-La Roche Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. QIAGEN Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Polyplus-transfection Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Bio-Rad Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Lonza Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Sigma-Aldrich Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. MirusBio Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. MaxCyte Transfection Reagents and Equipment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
