This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Television Advertising, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Television Advertising. This report contains market size and forecasts of Television Advertising in global, including the following market information:
Global Television Advertising Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Television Advertising market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Terrestrial Advertisement Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Television Advertising include British Broadcasting Corporation, CBS, Comcast Corporation, Viacom Inc., Cox Communication, Gray Television Inc., Sinclair Broadcast Group, Sun TV Network and The Walt Disney Company, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Television Advertising companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Television Advertising Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Television Advertising Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Terrestrial Advertisement
Multichannel Advertisement
Online Advertisement
Global Television Advertising Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Television Advertising Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Companies
Government
Other
Global Television Advertising Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Television Advertising Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Television Advertising revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Television Advertising revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
British Broadcasting Corporation
CBS
Comcast Corporation
Viacom Inc.
Cox Communication
Gray Television Inc.
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Sun TV Network
The Walt Disney Company
Charter Communications
Discovery Communications Inc.
TV Today Network
Vivendi SA.
Comcast Corporation
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Television Advertising, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Television Advertising market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Television Advertising company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Television Advertising in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Television Advertising Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Television Advertising Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Television Advertising Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Television Advertising Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Television Advertising Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Television Advertising Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Television Advertising Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Television Advertising Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Television Advertising Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Television Advertising Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Television Advertising Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Television Advertising Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Television Advertising Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Television Advertising Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Terrestrial Advertisement
4.1.3 Multichannel Advertisement
4.1.4 Online Advertisement
4.2 By Type - Global Television Advertising Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Television Advertising Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Television Advertising Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Companies
5.1.3 Government
5.1.4 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Television Advertising Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Television Advertising Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Television Advertising Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Television Advertising Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Television Advertising Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Television Advertising Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Television Advertising Companies Profiles
7.1 British Broadcasting Corporation
7.1.1 British Broadcasting Corporation Company Summary
7.1.2 British Broadcasting Corporation Business Overview
7.1.3 British Broadcasting Corporation Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 British Broadcasting Corporation Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 British Broadcasting Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 CBS
7.2.1 CBS Company Summary
7.2.2 CBS Business Overview
7.2.3 CBS Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 CBS Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 CBS Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Comcast Corporation
7.3.1 Comcast Corporation Company Summary
7.3.2 Comcast Corporation Business Overview
7.3.3 Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Comcast Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Viacom Inc.
7.4.1 Viacom Inc. Company Summary
7.4.2 Viacom Inc. Business Overview
7.4.3 Viacom Inc. Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Viacom Inc. Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Viacom Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Cox Communication
7.5.1 Cox Communication Company Summary
7.5.2 Cox Communication Business Overview
7.5.3 Cox Communication Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Cox Communication Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Cox Communication Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Gray Television Inc.
7.6.1 Gray Television Inc. Company Summary
7.6.2 Gray Television Inc. Business Overview
7.6.3 Gray Television Inc. Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Gray Television Inc. Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Gray Television Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Sinclair Broadcast Group
7.7.1 Sinclair Broadcast Group Company Summary
7.7.2 Sinclair Broadcast Group Business Overview
7.7.3 Sinclair Broadcast Group Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Sinclair Broadcast Group Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Sinclair Broadcast Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Sun TV Network
7.8.1 Sun TV Network Company Summary
7.8.2 Sun TV Network Business Overview
7.8.3 Sun TV Network Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Sun TV Network Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Sun TV Network Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 The Walt Disney Company
7.9.1 The Walt Disney Company Company Summary
7.9.2 The Walt Disney Company Business Overview
7.9.3 The Walt Disney Company Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 The Walt Disney Company Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 The Walt Disney Company Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Charter Communications
7.10.1 Charter Communications Company Summary
7.10.2 Charter Communications Business Overview
7.10.3 Charter Communications Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Charter Communications Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Charter Communications Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Discovery Communications Inc.
7.11.1 Discovery Communications Inc. Company Summary
7.11.2 Discovery Communications Inc. Business Overview
7.11.3 Discovery Communications Inc. Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Discovery Communications Inc. Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Discovery Communications Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 TV Today Network
7.12.1 TV Today Network Company Summary
7.12.2 TV Today Network Business Overview
7.12.3 TV Today Network Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 TV Today Network Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 TV Today Network Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Vivendi SA.
7.13.1 Vivendi SA. Company Summary
7.13.2 Vivendi SA. Business Overview
7.13.3 Vivendi SA. Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Vivendi SA. Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Vivendi SA. Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Comcast Corporation
7.14.1 Comcast Corporation Company Summary
7.14.2 Comcast Corporation Business Overview
7.14.3 Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Comcast Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Television Advertising Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Television Advertising Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Television Advertising Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Television Advertising in Global Market
Table 5. Top Television Advertising Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Television Advertising Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Television Advertising Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Television Advertising Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Television Advertising Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Television Advertising Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Television Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Television Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Television Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Television Advertising Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. British Broadcasting Corporation Company Summary
Table 31. British Broadcasting Corporation Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 32. British Broadcasting Corporation Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. British Broadcasting Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. CBS Company Summary
Table 35. CBS Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 36. CBS Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. CBS Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Comcast Corporation Company Summary
Table 39. Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 40. Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Comcast Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Viacom Inc. Company Summary
Table 43. Viacom Inc. Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 44. Viacom Inc. Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Viacom Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Cox Communication Company Summary
Table 47. Cox Communication Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 48. Cox Communication Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Cox Communication Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Gray Television Inc. Company Summary
Table 51. Gray Television Inc. Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 52. Gray Television Inc. Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Gray Television Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Sinclair Broadcast Group Company Summary
Table 55. Sinclair Broadcast Group Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 56. Sinclair Broadcast Group Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Sinclair Broadcast Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Sun TV Network Company Summary
Table 59. Sun TV Network Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 60. Sun TV Network Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Sun TV Network Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. The Walt Disney Company Company Summary
Table 63. The Walt Disney Company Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 64. The Walt Disney Company Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. The Walt Disney Company Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Charter Communications Company Summary
Table 67. Charter Communications Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 68. Charter Communications Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Charter Communications Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Discovery Communications Inc. Company Summary
Table 71. Discovery Communications Inc. Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 72. Discovery Communications Inc. Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Discovery Communications Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. TV Today Network Company Summary
Table 75. TV Today Network Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 76. TV Today Network Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. TV Today Network Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Vivendi SA. Company Summary
Table 79. Vivendi SA. Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 80. Vivendi SA. Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Vivendi SA. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Comcast Corporation Company Summary
Table 83. Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Product Offerings
Table 84. Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Comcast Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Television Advertising Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Television Advertising Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Television Advertising Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Television Advertising Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Television Advertising Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Television Advertising Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Television Advertising Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Television Advertising Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. British Broadcasting Corporation Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. CBS Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Viacom Inc. Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Cox Communication Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Gray Television Inc. Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Sinclair Broadcast Group Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Sun TV Network Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. The Walt Disney Company Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Charter Communications Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Discovery Communications Inc. Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. TV Today Network Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Vivendi SA. Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Comcast Corporation Television Advertising Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
