The global Genotoxicity Tests market was valued at million in 2024 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of %during the forecast period.
Genotoxicity tests can be defined as�in vitro and in vivo tests designed to detect compounds which induce genetic damage directly or indirectly by various mechanisms. These tests should enable a hazard identification with respect to damage to DNA and its fixation.
The U.S. market is estimated at $ million in 2024, while China is to reach $ million.
In Vitro segment will reach $ million by 2032, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key players of Genotoxicity Tests include Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Charles River Laboratories International, Laboratory Corp of America Holdings, Eurofins Scientific, Jubilant Life Sciences Limited, Syngene International Limited, Gentronix Ltd, Inotiv Inc., Creative Bioarray, MB Research Laboratories, etc. In 2024, the global top five players had a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We have surveyed the Genotoxicity Tests companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Genotoxicity Tests, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Genotoxicity Tests. This report contains market size and forecasts of Genotoxicity Tests in global, including the following market information:
Global Genotoxicity Tests market revenue, 2020-2025, 2026-2032, ($ millions)
Global top five Genotoxicity Tests companies in 2024 (%)
Total Market by Segment:
Global Genotoxicity Tests market, by Type, 2020-2025, 2026-2032 ($ millions)
Global Genotoxicity Tests market segment percentages, by Type, 2024 (%)
In Vitro
In Vivo
Global Genotoxicity Tests market, by Application, 2020-2025, 2026-2032 ($ millions)
Global Genotoxicity Tests market segment percentages, by Application, 2024 (%)
Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology
Food Industry
Cosmetics Industry
Other
Global Genotoxicity Tests market, by region and country, 2020-2025, 2026-2032 ($ millions)
Global Genotoxicity Tests market segment percentages, by region and country, 2024 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Genotoxicity Tests revenues in global market, 2020-2025 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Genotoxicity Tests revenues share in global market, 2024 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
Charles River Laboratories International
Laboratory Corp of America Holdings
Eurofins Scientific
Jubilant Life Sciences Limited
Syngene International Limited
Gentronix Ltd
Inotiv Inc.
Creative Bioarray
MB Research Laboratories
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Genotoxicity Tests, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Genotoxicity Tests market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Genotoxicity Tests company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Genotoxicity Tests in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Genotoxicity Tests Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Segment by Type
1.2.2 Segment by Application
1.3 Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Genotoxicity Tests Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Size: 2024 VS 2032
2.2 Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2020-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Genotoxicity Tests Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Genotoxicity Tests Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Genotoxicity Tests Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2024
3.5 Global Companies Genotoxicity Tests Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Genotoxicity Tests Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Genotoxicity Tests Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Genotoxicity Tests Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Size Markets, 2024 & 2032
4.1.2 In Vitro
4.1.3 In Vivo
4.2 Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2025
4.2.2 Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2026-2032
4.2.3 Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2024 & 2032
5.1.2 Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology
5.1.3 Food Industry
5.1.4 Cosmetics Industry
5.1.5 Other
5.2 Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2025
5.2.2 Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2026-2032
5.2.3 Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2024 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2025
6.2.2 By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2026-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2032
6.3.2 United States Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.3.3 Canada Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2032
6.4.2 Germany Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.3 France Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.5 Italy Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.6 Russia Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2032
6.5.2 China Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.3 Japan Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.6 India Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, 2020-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7.3 Israel Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7.5 UAE Genotoxicity Tests Market Size, 2020-2032
7 Companies Profiles
7.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
7.1.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Business Overview
7.1.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.1.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Charles River Laboratories International
7.2.1 Charles River Laboratories International Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Charles River Laboratories International Business Overview
7.2.3 Charles River Laboratories International Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Charles River Laboratories International Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.2.5 Charles River Laboratories International Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Laboratory Corp of America Holdings
7.3.1 Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Business Overview
7.3.3 Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.3.5 Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Eurofins Scientific
7.4.1 Eurofins Scientific Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Eurofins Scientific Business Overview
7.4.3 Eurofins Scientific Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Eurofins Scientific Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.4.5 Eurofins Scientific Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Jubilant Life Sciences Limited
7.5.1 Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Business Overview
7.5.3 Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.5.5 Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Syngene International Limited
7.6.1 Syngene International Limited Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Syngene International Limited Business Overview
7.6.3 Syngene International Limited Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Syngene International Limited Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.6.5 Syngene International Limited Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Gentronix Ltd
7.7.1 Gentronix Ltd Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Gentronix Ltd Business Overview
7.7.3 Gentronix Ltd Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Gentronix Ltd Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.7.5 Gentronix Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Inotiv Inc.
7.8.1 Inotiv Inc. Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Inotiv Inc. Business Overview
7.8.3 Inotiv Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Inotiv Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.8.5 Inotiv Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Creative Bioarray
7.9.1 Creative Bioarray Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Creative Bioarray Business Overview
7.9.3 Creative Bioarray Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Creative Bioarray Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.9.5 Creative Bioarray Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 MB Research Laboratories
7.10.1 MB Research Laboratories Corporate Summary
7.10.2 MB Research Laboratories Business Overview
7.10.3 MB Research Laboratories Genotoxicity Tests Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 MB Research Laboratories Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in Global Market (2020-2025)
7.10.5 MB Research Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Genotoxicity Tests Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Genotoxicity Tests Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Genotoxicity Tests Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Genotoxicity Tests in Global Market
Table 5. Top Genotoxicity Tests Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2024)
Table 6. Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 7. Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Share by Companies, 2020-2025
Table 8. Global Companies Genotoxicity Tests Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Genotoxicity Tests Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2024 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Genotoxicity Tests Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2024 and Market Share
Table 11. Segmentation by Type � Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Table 12. Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 13. Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 14. Segmentation by Application� Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Table 15. Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 16. Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 17. By Region� Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 19. By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 21. By Country - North America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 23. By Country - Europe Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 25. By Region - Asia Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 27. By Country - South America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 30. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Corporate Summary
Table 31. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 32. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 33. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Charles River Laboratories International Corporate Summary
Table 35. Charles River Laboratories International Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 36. Charles River Laboratories International Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 37. Charles River Laboratories International Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Corporate Summary
Table 39. Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 40. Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 41. Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Eurofins Scientific Corporate Summary
Table 43. Eurofins Scientific Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 44. Eurofins Scientific Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 45. Eurofins Scientific Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Corporate Summary
Table 47. Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 48. Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 49. Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Syngene International Limited Corporate Summary
Table 51. Syngene International Limited Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 52. Syngene International Limited Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 53. Syngene International Limited Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Gentronix Ltd Corporate Summary
Table 55. Gentronix Ltd Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 56. Gentronix Ltd Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 57. Gentronix Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Inotiv Inc. Corporate Summary
Table 59. Inotiv Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 60. Inotiv Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 61. Inotiv Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Creative Bioarray Corporate Summary
Table 63. Creative Bioarray Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 64. Creative Bioarray Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 65. Creative Bioarray Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. MB Research Laboratories Corporate Summary
Table 67. MB Research Laboratories Genotoxicity Tests Product Offerings
Table 68. MB Research Laboratories Genotoxicity Tests Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Table 69. MB Research Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Genotoxicity Tests Product Picture
Figure 2. Genotoxicity Tests Segment by Type in 2024
Figure 3. Genotoxicity Tests Segment by Application in 2024
Figure 4. Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Overview: 2024
Figure 5. Key Caveats
Figure 6. Global Genotoxicity Tests Market Size: 2024 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue: 2020-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Genotoxicity Tests Revenue in 2024
Figure 9. Segmentation by Type � Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Figure 10. Segmentation by Type - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 11. Segmentation by Application � Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Figure 12. Segmentation by Application - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 13. By Region - Global Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 14. By Country - North America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 15. United States Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 16. Canada Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 17. Mexico Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 18. By Country - Europe Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 19. Germany Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 20. France Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 21. U.K. Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 22. Italy Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 23. Russia Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 24. Nordic Countries Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 25. Benelux Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 26. By Region - Asia Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 27. China Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 28. Japan Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 29. South Korea Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 30. Southeast Asia Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 31. India Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 32. By Country - South America Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 33. Brazil Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 34. Argentina Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 35. By Country - Middle East & Africa Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 36. Turkey Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 37. Israel Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 38. Saudi Arabia Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 39. UAE Genotoxicity Tests Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 40. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 41. Charles River Laboratories International Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 42. Laboratory Corp of America Holdings Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 43. Eurofins Scientific Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 44. Jubilant Life Sciences Limited Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 45. Syngene International Limited Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 46. Gentronix Ltd Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 47. Inotiv Inc. Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 48. Creative Bioarray Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
Figure 49. MB Research Laboratories Genotoxicity Tests Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2020-2025)
