This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Camera Tube, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Camera Tube. This report contains market size and forecasts of Camera Tube in global, including the following market information:
Global Camera Tube Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
Global Camera Tube Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, (Units)
Global top five Camera Tube companies in 2022 (%)
The global Camera Tube market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million.
Light Guide Tube Segment to Reach $ Million by 2030, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Camera Tube include Excelitas Technologies, Narragansett Imaging, Naimaging, Whistler Group, Teledyne-E2v, Philips and General Electric, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Camera Tube manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Camera Tube Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Camera Tube Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Light Guide Tube
Super Positive Resolution Tube
Shunt Dc Tube
Global Camera Tube Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Camera Tube Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Camera
Television
Global Camera Tube Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Camera Tube Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Camera Tube revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Camera Tube revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Key companies Camera Tube sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (Units)
Key companies Camera Tube sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Excelitas Technologies
Narragansett Imaging
Naimaging
Whistler Group
Teledyne-E2v
Philips
General Electric
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Camera Tube, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Camera Tube market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Camera Tube manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Camera Tube in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global Camera Tube capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Camera Tube Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Camera Tube Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Camera Tube Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Camera Tube Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Camera Tube Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Camera Tube Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Camera Tube Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Camera Tube Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Camera Tube Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Camera Tube Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Camera Tube Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Camera Tube Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Camera Tube Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Camera Tube Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Camera Tube Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Camera Tube Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Camera Tube Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Light Guide Tube
4.1.3 Super Positive Resolution Tube
4.1.4 Shunt Dc Tube
4.2 By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Camera Tube Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Camera Tube Sales, 2024-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Camera Tube Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Camera Tube Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Camera
5.1.3 Television
5.2 By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Camera Tube Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Camera Tube Sales, 2024-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Camera Tube Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Camera Tube Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Camera Tube Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Camera Tube Sales, 2024-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Camera Tube Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Excelitas Technologies
7.1.1 Excelitas Technologies Company Summary
7.1.2 Excelitas Technologies Business Overview
7.1.3 Excelitas Technologies Camera Tube Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Excelitas Technologies Camera Tube Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Excelitas Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Narragansett Imaging
7.2.1 Narragansett Imaging Company Summary
7.2.2 Narragansett Imaging Business Overview
7.2.3 Narragansett Imaging Camera Tube Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Narragansett Imaging Camera Tube Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Narragansett Imaging Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Naimaging
7.3.1 Naimaging Company Summary
7.3.2 Naimaging Business Overview
7.3.3 Naimaging Camera Tube Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Naimaging Camera Tube Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Naimaging Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Whistler Group
7.4.1 Whistler Group Company Summary
7.4.2 Whistler Group Business Overview
7.4.3 Whistler Group Camera Tube Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Whistler Group Camera Tube Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Whistler Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Teledyne-E2v
7.5.1 Teledyne-E2v Company Summary
7.5.2 Teledyne-E2v Business Overview
7.5.3 Teledyne-E2v Camera Tube Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Teledyne-E2v Camera Tube Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Teledyne-E2v Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Philips
7.6.1 Philips Company Summary
7.6.2 Philips Business Overview
7.6.3 Philips Camera Tube Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Philips Camera Tube Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Philips Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 General Electric
7.7.1 General Electric Company Summary
7.7.2 General Electric Business Overview
7.7.3 General Electric Camera Tube Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 General Electric Camera Tube Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 General Electric Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Camera Tube Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Camera Tube Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Camera Tube Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Camera Tube Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Camera Tube Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Camera Tube Industry Value Chain
10.2 Camera Tube Upstream Market
10.3 Camera Tube Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Camera Tube Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Camera Tube in Global Market
Table 2. Top Camera Tube Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Camera Tube Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Camera Tube Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Camera Tube Sales by Companies, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Camera Tube Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Camera Tube Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Camera Tube Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Camera Tube Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Camera Tube Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Camera Tube Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Camera Tube Sales (Units), 2024-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Camera Tube Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Camera Tube Sales (Units), 2024-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Camera Tube Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Camera Tube Sales (Units), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2024-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2024-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2024-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2024-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Sales, (Units), 2024-2030
Table 46. Excelitas Technologies Company Summary
Table 47. Excelitas Technologies Camera Tube Product Offerings
Table 48. Excelitas Technologies Camera Tube Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Excelitas Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Narragansett Imaging Company Summary
Table 51. Narragansett Imaging Camera Tube Product Offerings
Table 52. Narragansett Imaging Camera Tube Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Narragansett Imaging Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Naimaging Company Summary
Table 55. Naimaging Camera Tube Product Offerings
Table 56. Naimaging Camera Tube Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Naimaging Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Whistler Group Company Summary
Table 59. Whistler Group Camera Tube Product Offerings
Table 60. Whistler Group Camera Tube Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Whistler Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Teledyne-E2v Company Summary
Table 63. Teledyne-E2v Camera Tube Product Offerings
Table 64. Teledyne-E2v Camera Tube Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Teledyne-E2v Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Philips Company Summary
Table 67. Philips Camera Tube Product Offerings
Table 68. Philips Camera Tube Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Philips Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. General Electric Company Summary
Table 71. General Electric Camera Tube Product Offerings
Table 72. General Electric Camera Tube Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. General Electric Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Camera Tube Production Capacity (Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Units)
Table 75. Global Camera Tube Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 76. Global Camera Tube Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Units)
Table 77. Global Camera Tube Production by Region, 2024-2030 (Units)
Table 78. Camera Tube Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 79. Camera Tube Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 80. Camera Tube Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 81. Camera Tube Raw Materials
Table 82. Camera Tube Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 83. Typical Camera Tube Downstream
Table 84. Camera Tube Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 85. Camera Tube Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Camera Tube Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Camera Tube Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Camera Tube Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Camera Tube Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Camera Tube Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Camera Tube Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Camera Tube Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Type - Global Camera Tube Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Application - Global Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Application - Global Camera Tube Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 18. By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2030
Figure 19. By Region - Global Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. By Region - Global Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 21. By Country - North America Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - North America Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. US Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Canada Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Mexico Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. Germany Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. France Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. U.K. Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Italy Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. Russia Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Benelux Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. China Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Japan Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. South Korea Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. India Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - South America Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - South America Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Brazil Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Argentina Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Camera Tube Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 48. Turkey Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 49. Israel Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 51. UAE Camera Tube Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 52. Global Camera Tube Production Capacity (Units), 2018-2030
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Camera Tube by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 54. Camera Tube Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
